Different Views On Native Americans

Anne Nichols Rochester College I chose to write about these two authors because their views on the Native Americans are both very different and I think it is interesting as to why. Benjamin Franklin who writes (Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America, p. 244-248) seems to have a much more positive and understanding outlook towards the Indians, where Mary Rowland who wrote (From a Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs..Mary Rowland, p. 27-143) is much more negative. Mary was a captive of the Indians for a period of time so her opinion of them is a bit more personal and biased. It seemed as if Franklin wanted people to understand that even though the Indians where different from them that that was okay. All cultures are different, and within those cultures people's lives are different, but that doesn't make them evil. His opening line says it perfectly, â€Å"Savages we call them, because their Manners differ from ours, which we think the Perfection of Civility.The y think the same of theirs† (IPPP). He starts off by going over the gender roles in their society explaining how the young men are hunters and warriors and at old age provide council. The women till the ground and bring up the children. He also examines how it is a rule of politeness to the Indian people not to answer a public request the same day that it is made, as to not send the wrong message that what is being considered is not important. He goes on for a bit to really emphasize the Indians politeness at all times.Franklin generally has a warmness toward the Indians and is able to sit back and appreciate them for their culture rather than criticize them because they have different views on the world then the Colonists did. Franklin makes a very interesting comparison when he takes the government in the Indian council and the British House of Commons. He first states about how when someone is going to speak in the Indian council everyone remains quiet and listens, then eve ryone waits after he is done for him to collect his thoughts and make sure he did not miss anything.He then speaks about how in the British House of Commons people are usually screaming over another and house speaker has to yell for order. This is a good example by Franklin to show in a way how the Indians where more civil than the Europeans. Mary Rowland does not have the same attitude. Rowland narrates her story in first person and it is about the things she witnessed and the experiences that occurred to her during her time as a captive with the Indians. During an Indian attack she witnessed friends and family being murdered ferociously.When she was captured she traveled with her youngest gather, battling injury starvation and depression while being moved from Indian village to Indian village. She constantly refers to them as heathens and inhumane creatures along with many other negative terms. Along her Journey her youngest dies and she is separated from her remaining children. H er captives give her a Bible they retrieved from a raid and she quickly turns to her faith to give her the strength she needs to make it through this situation.Mary throughout her writings is extremely passionate, her tone is generally despair but she remains hopeful that she will be reed eventually. Apart from the tragedy that Mary had to live with I think the two writings are also different because of Marry dedication to her puritan lifestyle. You have these puritans who live and breathe the bible clashing with this culture of people who don't. Everything about the Indians probably looked heathen to them. Mary draws many references from the Bible which helps her keep hope, I find it ironic that with such a heavy Christian faith that she keeps a negative outlook towards the Indians.This Puritan way of life has almost lead her to be ignorant of the Native Americans. Rowland fails to ever place the natives in a positive view. On many accounts, Rowland questions why God would allow th e natives to prosper off their brutal ways: â€Å"But now our perverse and evil carriages in the sight of the Lord, have so offended Him that instead of turning His hand against them, the Lord feeds and nourish them up to be a scourge to the whole land†. She finds it hard to understand that her culture had invaded the natives' land and in reality they are Just defending themselves and their way of life.As if stated before the main difference I see between these two authors portrayal of the Native Americans seems to come straight from their personal interactions with them. Franklin had more of a diplomatic view of them while Rowland had to live through a tragedy. Franklin shows a kind attitude towards them and therefore looks at their culture with a much more open mind where Rowland is fearful and angry with the Indians for the deaths of her friends and family, part that with the close mindedness of the puritan way and it's no wonder she never shows any good will towards them.

Suicide Bombing On The National Front Essay

Suicide bombing in Pakistan started after 9/11. Today Pakistan is the biggest victim of terrorism. After 9/11 incident, Pakistan supported the war on terror in Afghanistan. That war effected Pakistan very much. As border was not sealed so most of the Talibans ran away from Afghanistan to Pakistan. They were given shelter by the people of tribal areas of Pakistan because of their tradition of hospitality and clan bonding. As already Afghans were in refugee camps in Pakistan, so it was difficult to differentiate Talibans and Afghan refugees. Pakistan became a target as we found friends in Taliban’s enemy. Suicide bombing started in Pakistan. Initially, only the security forces were targeted but now even the common public is not spared. The war has spread to every nook and corner of Pakistan. First suicide attack in Pakistan was done in Islamabad in 1995. A truck full of explosives entered the Egyptian embassy and 14 people were killed. After investigation it was found out that bomber was Egyptian. Second suicide bombing was in Karachi. French engineers were attacked outside Sheraton Hotel in May 2002. In this attack 14 people were killed in which 11 were French engineers. Another attack in June 2002 was done outside American embassy. In 2003 President General Musharraf was targeted. In 2004 there were five suicide attacks including one attack on Prime Minister. In 2005 only 2 suicide attacks occurred. In 2006 suicide bombing again started to increase as there were 6 suicide attacks in which American embassy and Pakistan security forces were also targeted. In2007 these attacks were increased and total suicide attacks were done. In these attacks was on Former Prime Minister on Benazir Bhutto. In 2008 59 suicide attacks were done. In year 2009 till November 19, 70 suicide attacks were done. During Afghan jihad against Russia, America and Pakistan joined hands to fight it together. After the war, the U.S.A left the region in distress and civil war started in Afghanistan. The idea to use religion as a  tool to convince people to fight this war and organizing private militias resulted in destruction of Afghanistan after the war. It did not stop there. Pakistan continued on using religion as a tool and helped Taliban to form a government in Afghanistan. The whole episode of Al-Qaeda taking refuge in Afghanistan and 9/11 attack gave rise to a new fear. Previously, the whole world had their eyes closed to this Frankenstein they themselves created. Suddenly there was a hue and cry everywhere. Islam was said to be the threat to the whole world. Muslim bashing started happening and things got from bad to worse. America got dragged into this war and Pakistan along with it. Now after fighting it for this long, there seems no going back. There is no victory in sight and it cannot last forever. So it is a confusion which has found no solution. CAUSES OF SUICIDE BOMBING IN PAKISTAN One reason of suicide bombing in Pakistan is a tradition of Pushtoons called† badal†(revenge). This is the tradition according to which if a person of its tribe is killed by the person from other tribe then revenge is being taken from the killer tribe and that revenge is called badal. So similar to this happened in Afghanistan and tribal areas of Pakistan. People of those tribes were killed by American and Pakistani army. So reply to that they started targeting the check posts of army but later on they changed their target and now their target is innocent public of Pakistan. They considered it their right to kill the people in order to take revenge. Another reason of suicide bombing is American involvement in Pakistan. Pashtoons have got a history that they do not allow the foreign forces to occupy their land. American involvement in Pakistan is also not liked by Pushtoons and Taliban of Afghanistan and Tribal areas. Taliban has targeted Pakistan for their commitment to America. America’s drone attacks within Pakistan territory is one of the reasons for the increase in suicide attacks. Bajaur incident and Lal Masjid operation has helped Taliban by providing them new recruits for suicide bombing. In both incidents innocent students were killed. In retaliation there have been a lot of suicide  attacks in Pakistan for the last three years. American invasion of Islamic countries has contributed a lot to the common hatred in the Muslim world. Economic bondage was already there and then war was imposed on independent and sovereign countries. The feeling of resentment giving rise to Al-Qaeda and their extreme philosophies did not help the situation. Palestine, Iraq, Kashmir, Chechnya, Bosnia and Kosovo are all examples of Muslim occupied territories. Things were fine for the western world as long as there was no organized retaliation. It was bound to happen someday and it did happen. The result is that the world is very unsafe today and there is a lot of hatred which can result in a clash of civilizations. Injustice is one of the foremost factors that breed terrorism. When the grievances of the people are not redressed they resort to violent actions. So this is the case with Pakistan where timely justice has always been a far cry. Hence, the delayed justice is working as incentive for victims and dragging them to the swamp of terrorist organisations. Illiteracy is the root causes of extremism and terrorism. More than one in five men aged 15 to 24 unable to read or write, and only one in 20 is in tertiary education. such a high illiteracy rate has made Pakistan vulnerable to terrorism. furthermore, technical and vocational education, and adult literacy, are especially important but unfortunately have been neglected the most in Baluchistan, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and the Tribal Areas. Illiteracy and lack of skills provide fertile ground for those who wish to recruit young men and women to their cause, especially when significant monetary payments are attached. Regarding poverty, it is also an incubating cause of terrorism. And it is said that â€Å"a hungry man is an angry man.† Notably, majority of people in Pakistan are living below poverty line. While especially for the youngsters, unemployment has made the matter worse. In these adverse circumstances, some people go to the level of extremism and even commit suicide. These are the people whose services are hired by the terrorist  groups and they become easy prey to terrorism. Food insecurity is also linked with militancy and violence. When people remain unable to afford food and cannot meet their basic needs civil strife grows. A report by the Islamabad-based Sustainable Development Policy Institute The highest levels of food insecurity, for instance, exist in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, according to the report, where 67.7 per cent of the people are insecure. The next highest level is in Baluchistan, with food insecurity at 61.2 per cent, and then in Khyber-Pukhtunkhwa, 56.2 per cent. In Pakistan some extremist forces are exploiting the feelings of lower and lower middle class food insecure people. They are motivating their unemployed youth to commit heinous crimes such as suicide attacks against innocent people. REMEDIES In view of the root causes described in above paragraphs, the possible remedies could include: †¢ To begin with, a national commission needs to be set up, which identifies the fault lines and the root causes of the rise of extremism in Pakistan taking into consideration the post-Nine-Eleven developments. †¢ It should also take up the question of reforming the madrassas. The heads of all the major religious groups should be contacted and engaged to explore short-term and long-term solutions. †¢ Our universities and research institutes should take up the intellectual task of re-interpreting the Islamic injunctions in the light of modern knowledge and 21st century challenges (with emphasis on social justice). †¢ The government must improve its performance. Bad governance and corruption have lowered its credibility and clout, †¢ Parliament must debate Pakistan’s present relationship with the US, with  particular reference to the American war in Afghanistan and operations in Pakistan. †¢ Our government should make efforts to develop sector. Without any doubt, these efforts will play a crucial role not only in providing employment to the millions of people but will also eliminate poverty in the country. †¢ Pakistan’s government should particularly emphasise the need of technical education by promoting it. In this respect, more institutes should be opened in order to promote technical education. †¢ It is mentionable that there are two types of terrorists, extremists and moderates. In order to cope with terrorism, our government should neutralise the moderate terrorists through reconciliation by offering them general pardon and asking them to renounce terrorism. Even extremist insurgents can be offered mediation. Nevertheless, those militants who reject the offer could be fought through military operations. †¢ Nonetheless, for their on global and regional interests, US-led western allies must not only increase the military and economic aid of Pakistan but also provide direct market access to Pak products on zero rate duty to help stabilise the country’s bleak economy in the wake of the war against terror. †¢ As Pakistan has been successfully coping with the menace of terrorism, US-led some western countries including India should also give up their propaganda campaign against Islamabad and blame game against its intelligence agency ISI. †¢ US should help in resolving the Kashmir dispute to deal with the problem of militancy in the region. †¢ In order to fight terrorism, Pakistan’s media should play a key role. It must point out the criminal activities of the militants like hostage-taking, killing of the innocent people? torching the government buildings including girl schools and car-snatching. It should also indicate that Islam is a  religion of peace and does not allow suicide attacks. †¢ As Pakistan is already facing various crises of grave nature in wake of terrorism, so our politicians must stop manipulating the same for their own self-interests. By setting aside their differences and by showing power of tolerance, both our rulers and opposition parties need to act upon a policy of national reconciliation to cope with the problem of terrorism and to stand before external pressure. †¢ Finally, our politicians, general masses and security forces must show a strong sense of unity to fight terrorism. CONCLUSION Pakistan is a peace loving nation and playing its important role in combating terror. Recognition of efforts to fight menace of terrorism and sacrifices rendered thereof are testimony to the commitment and resolve to bring peace in the region. Unfortunately sometimes its commitment is doubted by some of its allies. Mistrust can lead to diversion of efforts, which will not be beneficial to common objective of peace in the region. Pakistan is a responsible nation; fully capable of defending its territorial integrity. Pakistan has singularly committed large forces to combat menace of terrorism more than any other country. No foreign troops are either present or deployed on Pakistan soil. All citizens of Pakistan must propagate moderate vibrant culture of Pakistan to promote good will of world community and shun misconstrued beliefs. Attacks on security forces personnel are executed at the sponsorship of hostile intelligence agencies. Such anti state elements must be singled out and brought to lime light to defeat evil agendas of our enemies. Pakistan has sacrificed the most in the ongoing war on terror; criticizing Pakistan’s efforts at national/international forum will be counter-productive to the overall objectives of war on terror.

Single Mothers in Poverty

Single Mothers in Poverty Midterm Essay 1 After doing the exercise of creating a budget for a single mother with two kids who is trying to â€Å"make ends meet† on a minimum-wage job, I have come to have so much compassion for those struggling with this dilemma. The odds are highly against a poor woman trying to do her best raising her children on a low-income job, some might even say that it would be impossible to do alone.The hurdles of expensive daycare, the rising cost of housing, the low-availability of welfare for women already working, the demanding natures of jobs which don’t allow for paid medical leave, and the skyrocketing costs of health care, all contribute to the poverty of single mothers. While I was taking a deeper look into this problem, it became abundantly clear to me that this is definitely a big â€Å"public issue† that needs to be addressed from a social policy standpoint. One of the biggest issues facing America today is poverty.One of the single most contributing factors of poverty is single-parent (namely single mother) households. Certainly it’s easy to look at individual families like these and see a string of individual choices. Yet, it goes far beyond â€Å"personal trouble† and is definitely considered to be a â€Å"public issue† (a â€Å"public crisis† one might say). As Mills sates in The Sociological Imagination, â€Å"Perhaps the most fruitful distinction with which the sociological imagination works is between ‘the personal troubles of milieu' and ‘the public issues of social structure’† (Mills, pg. 2).Let’s zoom out and look at the bigger picture here. â€Å"The poverty rate among children is higher in the United States than in most other major Western industrialized nations† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 44). When looking at the single mothers who raise these children, the poverty rate in the U. S. for these women is far above the average in other high income countries, even though the single mother employment rate in the U. S. is also above the average. Less generous income support programs in the U. S. help explain the exceptionally high poverty rate for single mother families in the U.S (forbes. com). This clearly demonstrates the legitimacy of this being a public issue. It’s true that more and more children are growing up in single parent households, and many of these families struggle to get by. In fact, â€Å"†¦children are more likely to live in poverty than Americans in any other age group† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 44). But that’s not an accident of poor choices: while single parenthood has been skyrocketing, we’ve also been paring back the supports that could help these families stay afloat. Single mothers have an especially hard time getting out of poverty.Households headed by single mothers are four times as likely to be poor as are families headed by married couples (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 46). Not only that, but, â€Å"Single-parent families are more vulnerable to poverty because there is only one adult income earner, and female heads of household are disadvantaged even further because women in general make less money than men do† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 46). In fact, â€Å"Families with a female householder and no spouse present were more likely to be poor than families with a male householder and no spouse present, 28. % versus 13. 8%† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 45). And because the majority of single-parent households are headed by single-mothers, this inevitably increases the rate of poverty nationwide. Most of these mothers live in relative poverty, which refers to, â€Å"†¦a situation in which some people fail to achieve the average income or lifestyle enjoyed by the rest of society† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 40). Take childcare for instance; the high cost of taking care of one’s child is crippling to a single mother making minimum wage and alm ost immediately plummets her into relative poverty.On average, a poor mother spends 32 percent of her total weekly income on child care. This percentage nearly doubles when more than one child needs care (forbes. com). When a family is faced with relative poverty, the affects spread wide. Income loss appears to affect the well-being of children indirectly through negative impact on family relations and parenting. Single parents experience a variety of stressors related to poverty (i. e. , financial, emotional, social). Single mothers must obtain sufficient money to cover the most basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. Wealth is a particularly important indicator of the individual and family access to life chances. Wealth is a special form of money not used to purchase milk and shoes and other life necessities. More often it is used to create opportunities, secure desired stature and standard of living, or pass class status along to one’s children† (Leon-Guerr ero, pg. 39). So, what about solutions? â€Å"The sociological imagination will also help us make a second connection: the one between social problems and social solutions† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 23).When looking at public issues, the textbook makes it clear that, â€Å"Solutions require social action – in the form of social policy, advocacy, and innovation – to address problems at their structural or individual levels† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 20). It is essential that we take a fresh look at our national policies — and their dismal results. Not only are U. S. poverty rates extremely high, with one out of five children living in poverty (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 40); crime rates are also high, with all the resulting costs not only to crime victims, but to taxpayers in court, prison and other attendant public expenses.Even more costly is the enormous price our nation is paying, and will pay, if we continue not to invest in a remedy to this poverty crisis. So, if single parenthood and poverty are so closely related, some people say, we should spend hundreds of millions of dollars promoting marriage to help children avoid poverty (and other problems). That’s what the government has done, with money from the welfare budget. Even if it worked (which it apparently doesn’t) it’s only one approach. What about reducing poverty?And, more specifically, what about reducing the relative likelihood of poverty in single-parent families versus those with married parents? That is, address the poverty gap between the two groups, rather than the size of the two groups. This has the added advantage of not singling out one group — single mothers — for social stigmatization. And, because it defines the problem as economic rather than moral, may make it easier to build public support for helping the poor. Although, â€Å"Helping our nation’s poor has been an administrative priority of many U. S. presidents† (Leon -Guerrero, pg. 0), the poverty problem does not seem to be getting much better. Maybe we need to change the conversation about we’re facing here. The conversation about single mothers should focus on how the extreme poverty of U. S. woman-headed families is a symptom of failed U. S. policies. And the conversation about the U. S. economy should focus on the urgent need for a caring economy. We are clearly lacking a â€Å"caring economy† when we are compared to other wealthy nations, â€Å"U. S. wage and welfare programs are much smaller than similar programs in other countries† (Leon-Guerrero, pg. 46). Issues have to do with matters that transcend these local environments of the individual and the range of his inner life. They have to do with the organization of many such milieux into the institutions of an historical society as a whole, with the ways in which various milieux overlap and interpenetrate to form the larger structure of social and historical lifeâ⠂¬  (Mills, pg 2). The issue of poverty clearly stems from the larger structure of social and historical life. It is sad to know that our efforts as a wealthy society are not effectively healing this tragic situation.The poverty level of single mothers affects so many areas of our society as a whole, and our nation’s children get the brunt of it. Not only are they raised poor and impoverished, but their quality of education is compromised, the food they eat is low-quality and unhealthful, and most of them never find their way out of poverty. Writing this paper has truly touched my heart and I long to reach out to single mothers and their children who are desperately in need of compassion and support. More importantly, I would like to reach out this election year and see what I can do to promote the well-being of these mothers who are struggling so hard.Budget Summary for Single Mother in Delta County, Colorado The most recent report for minimum wage in Delta County, Colorado is $7. 25 an hour. The total monthly income for a person working full-time at minimum wage is: $1198 (after taxes). Explanation of calculation: 7. 25 * 40 = 290 (a week) 290 * 52 (weeks in a year) = 15,080 15,080 / 12 (months) = 1256 1256 * . 0463 (income tax rate in Delta County 4. 63%) = 58 1256 – 58 = 1198 Housing Costs| $616| Food Costs| $536| Other Necessities:| | Medical| $412| Clothing| $35| Transportation| $439|Childcare| $996| Phone| $40| Laundry/toiletries/cleaning supplies| $52| School supplies and fees| $20| Appliance and furniture| $17| Miscellaneous| $47| Nonessentials| | Entertainment| $20| Cable| $0| Cigarettes and alcohol| $0| Eat out| $25| Lottery| $5| TOTAL| $3260| *This budget reflects the fact that there is absolutely no public transportation in or around Delta County, so the transportation costs include car payment, insurance, and gas costs. This budget also reflects that I would not invest any money in cable, cigarettes, or alcohol.Also, the cost of ch ildcare for two children in Delta County is exorbitant! At any expense, I couldn’t have my 7 year-old child be a latchkey kid so young. The entertainment and costs of eating out are kept to a minimum. I would (just in case) spend $5 a month on the lottery. Clearly, this mother (hypothetically, me) would be nowhere near making ends meet. I would be living in relative poverty, scraping by every day, living hand-to-mouth, and I would have to be very creative with my time and resources. I would have to make almost TRIPLE what I am currently making in order to live comfortably.Most likely, I would reach out to neighbors, church members, community support groups, food banks, and any other possible resource to keep my head above water. Works Cited Covert, Bryce. â€Å"The Rise and Downfall Of The American Single Mother. † Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 16 July 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. ;http://www. forbes. com/sites/brycecovert/2012/07/16/the-rise-and-downf all-of-single-mothers/;. Leon-Guerrero, Anna. Social Problems: Community, Policy, and Social Action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge, 2011. Print. Mills, C. Wright. The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford UP, 1959. Print.

Prostitution in Modern Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prostitution in Modern Europe - Essay Example In order to make the picture more prominent, it is better to look into a case of prostitution in early modern London. This instance will be able to present a true picture of how important prostitution became in modern Europe. Margaret Huberty, a woman aged 46 years was prosecuted for keeping a brothel in London in the year 1905. According to many of the witnesses, they saw unknown people going in and coming out of the house on 49, Whitfield Street, which was owned by Mrs. Huberty. When reported to London police, they kept a vigil on the house and found the report to be true. While investigating the house, they found it out to be a brothel run by Mrs. Huberty. The prostitutes were caught red handed when some disturbance caused them to shout from the windows. According to the court paper, it was the lady herself who owned the business. She used to employ prostitutes and keep them in the house. The prostitutes were also seen to accompany the men on the streets. These men were the customers and all of them were from high society. Margaret Huberty, a middle aged woman with the possession of a house does not present a picture of poverty hovering over her life. It becomes, therefore, a question of great importa nce, what compelled women like Mrs. Huberty to choose this profession as the means of earning. (The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 2003) Keeping a Keeping a brothel was nothing new in London from the second half of the 19th century. A Bailey Court case in the year 1869 tells about three London women prosecuted with this charge. They were Mary Ann Clark, Christiana Clark and Jane Roberts. Three of them compelled a girl under the age of twenty to take up the profession of a prostitute. Apart from that, they were also involved in the business of running a bawdy house. This incident clearly indicates that prostitution was quite prominently taken as a profession since that age in early modern Europe. To these women, marriage and security did not appear to be good options in life. Prostitution and its business could give them huge amount of money and this shows that these modern women in Europe understood the value of wealth very well, although social rules were ignorable to them. Another session held in the London's Central Criminal Court in the year 1889 shows an evidence of late 19th century prostitution in this city. Here, a 23 year old lady named Annie Gough was prosecuted with the charge of counterfeiting coins. Although the charge was very far from prostitution, the accused person clearly declared in the court that her main means of earning was through prostitution. She confessed before the Magistrate that her prostitution was the main profession on which her husband depended, too. This presents a picture that looks quite bleak from any social perspective. This also refers to the irresponsibility of the husband and his indifference about his wife's profession. Unlike the case of Mrs. Huberty, Gough's case had a ground of poverty. (The Proceedings of Old Bailey, 2003) According to many of the social critics, prostitution in modern Europe was a result of poverty in the families. It is also stated that in many cases, this was a temporary alternative for the women to survive. Still, this will be very unjustified to say that it was only poverty that compelled the modern European women to choose this profession. The historical survey suggests that 30% of the whole

The National Energy Program Revisited Research Paper

The National Energy Program Revisited - Research Paper Example The program also aimed at finding new sources of the Canadian gas and oil (Franà §ois 2006). Lastly, the program was aimed at increasing federal share on oil and gas revenues. This meant that the program was economic minded. To achieve these objectives, the program then introduced several rules, tax rates and several regulations including the petroleum compensation charge, which was imposed on the country’s domestic refiners (Robert, 2011). The Western provinces especially Alberta were not impressed by the program making the federal-provincial relations reach one of their lowest points. In other words, it meant that the program was not popular in the Western province thus Alberta which also produces most of the oil in Canada (Franà §ois 2006). With indications that the natural resources in the nation would fall constitutionally within the provincial jurisdiction domain, most of the Albertans felt that the program was a detrimental incursion by the federal government especially where province affairs are involved. To the Albertans, the program was perceived to be only benefiting the eastern provinces. Economically, the Western province felt that the program was sidelining it and instead favor other parts of the country. Furthermore, there were bankruptcies in the Western province as a result of the program. Businesses such as real estate performed poorly in not only Alberta but also other parts of the country and other petroleum exporting economies including the United States and Norway (Franà §ois 2006). This prospect weakened Alberta in terms of its economic dominance hence faulting the National Energy Program. Generally, the National Energy Program cultivated to federal deficits due to the substantial revenues increase from the gas and the oil sectors. At the same time, Western province GDP fell due to the

Some like it hot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Some like it hot - Essay Example The whole story is about two musicians a saxophone player and a double bass player from a jazz band in Chicago. They witness the Valentine's Day Massacre and later come to learn that they are the only witnesses. The gangsters perpetrating the murders unfortunately see them at the murder scene and start looking for the Joe and Jerry. On noting that their lives are in danger due to the gangsters’ increased search, they flee the state. The only way they can get out of town safely is by joining a female band and disguising themselves as women so that both the women and gangsters would not spot them. The female band’s vocalist is Sweet Sue while the manager was Bienstock. They disguised themselves and changed their names to Daphne (Jerry) and Josephine (Joe). To blend in, Joe and Jerry imitated what other women from the band are doing. Through this they learn how to walk on heels and talk like women. At first, they find it hard to adapt to the new situation but later on lear n more of women stuff through their recently made friend, Sugar Kane. Additionally, both musicians had a crush on Kane. Once in Miami, Joe and Jerry change their ways of life and are ready for commitments unlike when they were womanizers back in Chicago. They also go through a lot while disguised as women such as the Osgood case, who was an infertile millionaire looking for a woman to stop his impotence. Osgood lures Kane and Jerry to be his wives but later dismisses them and the story ends after Osgood decides to marry Daphne (Jerry). The film was 122 minutes long and has been nominated for several awards in the movie industry. II. Body: As compared to the type of movies that are produced today, the writer and producer of ‘Some like It Hot’ emerged to be one of the best off all times. He divided the movie into three main acts and each preview needed the characters to expose different traits. These three acts include one before Joe and Jerry left Chicago, the other when they booked the train to Miami and finally the act where they were in Miami looking for true and sensitive love. A. Act 1: it begins while Joe and Jerry are musicians in Chicago. Jerry played double base for the bad while Joe was a saxophone player. They were known to be womanizers irrespective of their low paying jobs. On the contrary, the act also introduces cruel criminals who execute the Valentine’s Day massacre. This provides a ‘gangster feeling’ to the audience which creates suspense whether the two musicians will be caught or not. They are also the reason as to why act two comes to place. They start looking for their only two witnesses, Joe and Jerry who decide to run away for their lives. Joe and Jerry bring the trait of cross-dressing where they have to dress as women so as to blend in into an all female band led by Kane. B. Act 2: Here, the two musicians prepare to leave for Miami by boarding a train with the female group they have joined. At first, th e act brings out the funniest part of the film where they try walking in high heels. This also brings the cross dressing which is their only way to survive. While disguised, they become part of the ‘woman life’ and get to know some secrets through Susan. They also have access to private conversations of other band members who are not aware of the disguise. Susan tells them a brief story of her love life. She claims that

Comunication Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comunication Disorder - Essay Example This includes the difficulty in communicating our feelings and emotions with others. Such disorders not only affect our communicating ability, but also reduces our relationship with others. With this small introduction, now let us move on to the next part where we shall discuss about a specific communication disorder. In order to have a clear idea about this communication disorder, we shall begin with the definition of the term 'autism'. Autism is really a brain development disorder that affects our behavior in terms of communication, understanding and so on. It normally begins as a childhood disorder. How this occurs or the actual cause of it is not understood, but it is quite clear that it has a strong biological and genetic connection. Though this disorder leads to many problems like unequal social interaction, impairments in communication, restricted interests and repetitive behavior, as far as this paper is concerned the focus is on the effects of autism in communication. Autism affects and prevents the progression of good communication by decreasing the natural flow of speech. It prevents the growth of communicating skills. Some symptoms include delayed onset of babbling, unusual gestures, diminished responsiveness. Individuals affected with this disorder find it difficult with consonants, words and word combinations. Sometimes their gestures are less often integrated with words.

Sandwich report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sandwich - Lab Report Example Among the foods that have been prepared to become ready to eat include meats, sushi, cheese, cereals, salads and other produce, dry goods including candies and biscuits, and meals that are ready to eat. On the other hand, salads and sandwiches are common ready to eat food that, due to their capacity for contamination, have been associated with strict guidelines for their preparation. Those guidelines conform to regulations that have been put in place in places like New York, and cover such things as changing/replacing gloves, prohibitions against the use of bare hands during the preparation process, and the kinds of food that are considered for inclusion in government codes of sanitation relating to the preparation of such ready to eat fare. It is worth noting that government codes have prescriptions for the degree to which food are to be heated in order to be considered safe for consumption. Since ready to eat food is generally not heated to meet those minimum temperature of reheati ng standards, they are subject to more rigorous regulations in terms of handling to prevent ready to eat food being contaminated with pathogens that can cause illness on wide scale. Food handling in preparation and in transport are by far the biggest sources of contamination when it comes to ready to eat food (Colorado Farm to Market, 2013; NY State Department of Health, 2005; Schaub, 2010; UK Government, 2008). Enterobacteriaceae are a group of pathogens that are used as indicators for when food has not been cooked adequately, or else when food has been subject to contamination after the food had been processed. E.coli, on the other hand, is a pathogen that when present indicates poor hygiene, lack of sanitation, and heat that has not been adequate to kill off the bacteria during the processing of food. Other pathogens include coagulase-positive staphylococci, c. perfingens, b. cereus, v. parahaemolyticus, campylobacter spp, salmonella spp, and L. monocytogenes (NSW Food Authority, 2009; ACT Health, 2002). These same pathogens seem to cross geographic boundaries, and share in common many of the pathogens that are found in ready to eat fare in other nations, such as Hong Kong, where ready to eat food is screened for a similar set of pathogens, including b. cereus, c. perfingens, campylobacter spp, e. coli, v. cholera, salmonella, and L. monocytogenes (Centre for Food Safety, 2007). The Canadian authorities include shigella, v. cholerae, y. enterocolitica, c. parvum, giardia lamblia, hepatitis, and scombroid poisoning to the list of pathogens above, with the most common symptoms and effects of contamination and infection in people being vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, wound infection, and gas gangrene (Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives, n.d.). In the US, meanwhile, there is an intense focus on salmonella, e coli and listeria monocytogenes as the pathogens that most commonly infect ready to eat food, including produce. The lines of defense arrayed aga inst such pathogens in food include thermally killing the pathogens, making use of the so-called bacteriophage treatment, and the use of so-called antimicrobial GRAS agents (Food Safety Research Information Office, 2010). It is worth noting that in some of the bacteriological guidelines that were considered for this paper, emphasis is given on rating the quality of the food as

American History since 1865 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American History since 1865 - Essay Example The Founding Fathers of the United States of America, including George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, were unanimous in their belief that the foreign policy best suited to the interests of the fledgling nation was one of non-intervention in the political affairs of other states. â€Å"(America is) the well-wisher to the freedom and independence of all. She is the champion and vindicator only of her own† (John Quincy Adams, cited in Raico, 1995). This policy of free trade and non-intervention led to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which insisted on a reciprocal non-interference by the European powers in the Western Hemisphere, and continued until the latter half of the nineteenth century. At this juncture, a call for America to pursue a more proactive role in world affairs, in keeping with her position as a great power, began to gain popularity. Its chief adherents were in the Republican Party, and consisted of Theodore Roosevelt, Admiral Alfred Mahan, John Hay and Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, who advocated America’s adoption of â€Å"the large policy,† committed to the expansion of U.S. influence and territory overseas (Raico, 1995). This period saw the birth of American Imperialism. American Imperialism had several causes, led to American intervention in many countries of the world, and irrevocably changed American foreign policy. The causes of American Imperialism were complex and varied. Some intellectuals, like Senator Albert Beveridge, chose to expand the concept of ‘Manifest Destiny,’ which was initially used to justify American expansion on the American continent, to justify overseas expansion. Josiah Strong’s Our Country (1885), predicted a global American empire. Based on ‘Darwinian Socialism,’ it was considered the ‘duty’ of the superior Anglo-Saxon race to spread Christian and Democratic values to ‘backward’ people. This

Malcom X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Malcom X - Essay Example His school of thought was to encourage and exhorted black Americans to condemn racism ‘by any means possible† including violence. On this stand, he challenged other civil rights movement and had differences in opinion to other leaders like Martin Luther King, who championed nonviolent pursuit of integration. The civil rights activist broke with the Nation of Islam shortly before he was assassinated on the 21st of February, 1965 in Manhattan at the Audubon Ballroom where he prepared to deliver his speech. Malcolm X was the fourth child out of the eight born to Earl Little, the preacher and Louise Little, a homemaker. Earl Little was an active and dedicated member of Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and a great follower of Marcus Garvey then, the leader of black nationalists. Due to his civil rights activism, his family always faced threats from the white supremacist groups, for example, the Ku Klux Klan and the Black Legion. Malcolm X described the trauma from her mothers’ story during his speeches. He actually had his first experience with racism before he was born. When his mother was pregnant with him, Ku Klux Klan riders stormed their home with shotguns and rifles and commanded his father to get out. The frequent harassments influenced Earl Little to move his family to East Lasing, Michigan. The kind of racism the family went through in East Lasing was even greater because soon after they moved, in 1929, a mob of racist burnt their house. The firemen and the white police stood around and watched the house burn to the ground. It got much worse in 1931, when Earl Little’s body was found in a municipal streetcar where he laid dead. Although it was clear he was murdered, the police ruled out his death as suicide. Malcolm’s mother did not recover from the shock and got admitted in a mental institution while Malcolm lived with family friends. Malcolm X went to West Junior High School and was the only black student in the school.

Statement of Purpose to Enter the University Assignment

Statement of Purpose to Enter the University - Assignment Example I expect to acquire knowledgeable concepts, information and tactics to improve my planning and development skills through which I can serve people for the betterment. There is always a room for improvement and I feel that nothing but education can fill the existing gap. By participating in the educational program at the university, I would be able to polish my existing abilities and would learn to use the new concepts in my practical life. This doctorate grabbed my attention when I completed my Masters in the field of Psychology from the same university. I have ever since worked on my skills and have served the community by working in different organizations. I have completed my Bachelors and Masters in the field of psychology and have attained relevant knowledge that can help me to pursue a degree in the doctorate. This course will help me in attaining the understanding of complex patterns of psychology along with new ideas and theories. In today’s era of globalization, it is important that one has firsthand experience in multiculturalism and I have achieved this objective by studying in a multicultural university previously. Ever since I attained the degree of masters I have used my time effectively to explore the world and work with people who are homeless and addicted to drugs. It has helped me to learn the behavioural patterns of different people as the field of psychology teaches us. I expect to acquire kn owledge on the issues related to the field of psychology in all aspects. The political, social, environmental and economic issues are somehow related to the field of psychology and I believe that with the right knowledge I would be able to serve better in my field. Knowing the value of the degree that will be awarded from Carlos Albizu University, I expect to get a reputable post in a well-known organization. The university carries great importance in the educational field and with the experience of the faculty, I think that I would be able to excel in my field.  

Heteronormativity Kritik Essay Example for Free

Heteronormativity Kritik Essay This chapter is about sex, but not the sex that people already have clarity about. Outer space as a human, political domain is organized around sex, but a sex that is tacitly located, and rarely spoken, in official discourse. The poli ­ tics of outer space exploration, militarization and commercialization as they are conceived of and practiced in the US, embody a distinction between public and private (and appropriate behaviours, meanings and identities therein) highly dependent upon heteronormative hierarchies of property and propriety. The central aim of this chapter is to show how US outer space discourse, an imperial discourse of technological, military and commercial superiority, configutes and prescribes success and successful behaviour in the politics of outer space in particularly gendered forms. US space discourse is, I argue, predicated on a heteronormative discourse of conquest that reproduces the dominance of heterosexual masculinity(ies), and which hierarchically orders the construction of other (subordinate) gender identities. Reading the politics of outer space as heteronormative suggests that the discourses through which space exists consist of institutions, structures of understanding, practical orientations and regulatory practices organized and privileged around heterosexuality. As a particularly dominant discursive arrangement of outer space politics, US space discourse (re)produces meaning through gendered assumptions of exploration, colonization, economic endeavour and military conquest that are deeply gendered whilst presented as universal and neutral. US space discourse, which dominates the contemporary global politics of outer space, is thus formed from and upon institutions, structures of understanding, and practical orientations that privilege and normalize heterosexualiry as universal. As such, the hegemonic discursive rationalizations of space exploration and conquest ,re)produce both heterosexuality as unmarked (that is, thoroughly normal ­ ized) and the heterosexual imperatives that constitute suitable space-able people, practices and behaviours. As the introduction to this volume highlights, the exploration and utilization of outer space can thus far be held up as a mirror of, rather than a challenge to, existent, terrestrially-bound, political patterns, behaviours and impulses. The new possibilities for human progress that the application and development of space technologies dares us to make are grounded only in the strategy ­ obsessed (be it commercially, militarily or otherwise) realities of contemporary global politics. Outer space is a conceptual, political and material space, a place for collisions and collusions (literally and metaphorically) between objects, ideas, identities and discourses. Outer space, like international relations, is a global space always socially and locally embedded. There is nothing out there about outer space. It exists because of us, not in spite of us, and it is this that means that it only makes sense in social terms, that is, in relation to our own constructions of identity and social location. In this chapter, outer space is the problematic to which I apply a gender analysis; an arena wherein past, current and future policy-making is embedded in relation to certain performances of power and reconfigurations of identity that are always, and not incidentally, gendered. Effective and appropriate behaviour in the politics of ourer space is configured and prescribed in particularly gendered forms, with heteronormative gender regulations endowing outer spaces hierarchies of technologically superior, conquesting performance with theif everyday power. It is through gender that US techno-strategic and astro-political discourse has been able to (re)produce outer space as a heterosexualized, masculinized realm. Heteronormativity K 1NC 2. The drive to colonize space precludes queer identities and concretizes sexual difference. This reinforces heterosexism and turns women into commodities. Casper and Moore 95 (Monica J. , Ph. D in sociology from the University of California, San Francisco, feminist scholar and researcher on reproductive justice. Lisa Jean, Ph. D in sociology from the University

Responsibility for Healthcare Between Society and the Family

Responsibility for Healthcare Between Society and the Family The balance of responsibility for healthcare between society and the family societal versus family responsibilities â€Å"Responsibility for health: personal, social, and environmental† INTRODUCTION: The Family is the basic or functional unit of a society. In making healthcare policy society and family plays a great part in implementation. Responsibility starts within each member of the family with the proper guidance of parents. Preventive efforts regarding healthcare issues must be practice by parents. A good example of which is by teaching their children at the very early age the three basic food groups (go, grow and glow) and proper hand washing, in such a way that each child will be guided accordingly regarding the proper diet to prevent illness and diseases. As a child goes to school he/she becomes a member of the society, a good practice of healthcare can be shared between peers. As they grow much older this good practice and views regarding healthcare becomes more profound and evident they becomes more responsible towards health and to the society. In my personal point of view responsibility for health is as basic as food, taking good care of one self is the fundamental r esponsibility an individual in becoming a better member of a society. The society has the responsibility of providing proper health services to the family and to a certain individual. An example of which is a good access in healthcare insurances, Equality in healthcare services on all facilities in government and private alike. The right for information regarding laws, provisions and policies should be properly disseminated. Access to rural or community health involving different business, healthcare, and transport sectors to address any healthcare issues. One of the most important obligations of society is ensuring that each and every one has access to health care. This has been the main focus of health care policies all over the world. While this has been the most important, it is also vital that societies promote health in many other ways. Society plays a great role in making sure that everyone has access to optimal health care and there are a lot of means by which this will be successful. One very common and effective way is by means of education and training. By means of education, people may be able to know more about ways on how to promote health and how to prevent certain diseases. Education is an effective tool to spread out information not just about the social issues but more importantly, about health. Through education, we may be able to enlighten people about the most important health issues that we have now. Some of these issues include sanitation, pollution, food and drug safety and disease prevention. Much attention should be focused on ways on how to promote health besides access to health care. These include environment and public health and health research. In today’s modern age, there are numerous technological advances which affect our daily living. Whether we like to admit it or not, our lives are easier now because of these technological advances. They help us get to places faster and aid us with everyday activities so that we may be able to do them with more ease but as they say, there is always downside to everything. These advances may be the reason why there are several people who are becoming lazier when it comes to doing chores at home or at work. People nowadays tend to depend largely on technology to do simple things which they can do themselves. Simple things like walking when going to nearby places or picking something up from a store. Lifestyle plays a huge role in some of the most fatal illnesses that exist now. According to Ralph Neas the total expenditures on health care in the United States represented 17 percent of the gross national product in 2010 and are projected to reach 20 percent by the end of this decade. The United States spends 141 percent more on health care than other economically advanced nations; furthermore, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, although smoking has declined steadily there since the 1960s, smoking- related medical expenses are still about US$75.5 billion per year. Obesity, which has been climbing in the past two decades, accounts for about US$75 billion in healthcare costs there each year, moreover, alcoholism and drug addiction in the USA account for annual healthcare costs of about US$22.5 billion and US$12 billion, respectively. Federal government spending on healthcare relating to HIV/AIDS is over US$13 billion per year. This goes to show that health educ ation is important and that people needs to be informed thoroughly on how to improve health and prevent diseases from spreading. It is also sensible to allot sufficient budget on health research and find means on how to prevent and if possible, to completely eradicate such diseases. The balance of responsibility for healthcare between society and the family societal versus family responsibilities encompasses different aspects in healthcare. It needs the involvement of all stakeholders. A families views and attitudes towards healthcare has a great impact in a society. A good example is in the Philippines, the Department of social welfare and development (DSWD) together with the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and some None-Government organization groups Spear headed a program/Scheme Pantawid Pamilyang Pangkabuhayan or( 4Ps). The main purposes of the program is Hunger Mitigation, Prevention of Maternal and infant deaths by giving financial assistance to the families under poverty line with conditionality’s. The conditions: Pregnant Household Member/s should visit their local health center to avail of pre- and post-natal care starting from the first trimester of pregnancy. Children 0-5 Years Old members of the household who are 0–5 years old shall visit the health center and avail of Immunization/vaccination, weight monitoring, and management of childhood disease. Children aged 6–14 years old should receive deworming pills twice a year Education conditionalities. Children aged 3–5 years old enrolled in Day Care Program or pre-school program and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month (still subject to evaluation/study). Children aged 6–14 years old enrolled in elementary and secondary schools and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month. Other conditionalities. Parents should attend Family Development Sessions at least once a month. Participate in community activities to promote and strengthen the implementation of the program. The first task is to identify the families who will be eligible and be the beneficiary of the program by doing surveys in the rural areas. First they disseminate the information from national down to local government units, barangays and families. After which they inform and award the families legible for the said program. Together with the Department of Health Philippines and Department of Education they create programs. The DOH launches the Immunization program visiting families house to house and immunizing children 8y/o and below. Each family also receives financial assistance. According to WHO 1992, healthcare issues regarding the environment addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics. While it is sensible to place sole responsibility to an individual to take care of their health, there are several objections to it as well. One argument is that it is unfair to hold someone completely responsible for their own health especially if that person does not have a sound mind or is under the influence of drugs. Another is that it would be exceedingly difficult to implement a system that holds individuals responsible for their own health, since diseases and disabilities result from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Although it is completely rational that an individual must be able to maintain their health, the responsibility should not be placed solely on them. Whichever the case may be, the society must always help promote health and prevent illness. Although access to health care is extremely vital, society should also focus on creating means on how to promote health. They say, prevention is better than cure and it is true in so many ways. Preven tion is more cost-effective and is more medically efficacious rather than finding means of treatment. For instance, it is more cost-effective to prevent certain serious illness rather than undergoing surgery or chemotherapy in the long run. The government should be able to provide its people their needs and with regards to health care, this includes monitoring of disease, urban planning and should be able to guarantee food and drug safety. Family on the other hand, is considered to be the basic unit of a community and is therefore a great factor in an individual’s attempt to health promotion and disease prevention. It is through family that a person first learns everything which is why family greatly affects the choices made by an individual. Most often than not, a person confides with a family member in decision making may it be with finances, work related problems and health issues as well. If a person is unable to decide, a family member, usually the elder or the head of the family steps in to make the decision for them. For instance, in New Zealand, since there are numerous rest homes, it is the obligation of the family or one of the family members to decide what is best for their loved ones who are residing at these rest homes especially if their loved ones cannot decide for themselves or is not able to comprehend some of the information given to them. CONCLUSION: Health care access is one of the most important factors to consider in terms of societal issues with regards to health care but it is also with utmost importance that the society is able to promote health through education and research as well. Much importance should be placed not just on health care access but more so on strategies for health promotion especially on environmental and public health and health research. Government action is also vital and should be able to provide the needs of its people especially if it’s already out of their control like monitoring of disease and urban planning. Family is the basic unit of community and is considered to be the basis of one’s decision with just about anything. May it be financial or health issues, families play a huge role in an individual’s choice. REFERENCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking costs nation $150 billion each year in health costs, lost productivity. Press Release. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020412.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Obesity costs states billions in medical expenses. Press Release. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r040121.htm Resnik D.B. July 2006. Responsibility for Health: Personal, Social and Environmental. J Med Ethics. Aug 2007; 33(8): 444–445. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/issues/174348/ Neas, Ralph. (May 2011). Our Ailing Health. Politico. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/55775.html World Health Organisation. (1992). Environmental Healthcare. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/ World Health Organisation. (1999). Population Issues. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/ Department of Social Welfare and Development. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). Retrieved from http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/

The Contrast of Virginia Woolf and Alice Walker Essay -- Writers Moral

The Contrast of Virginia Woolf and Alice Walker After reading the four essays assigned to this sequence, it becomes interesting to contrast two author's points of view on the same subject. Reading one professional writer's rewriting of a portion of another professional writer's essay brings out many of each of their characteristics and views. Also, the difference in writing styles could be drastic, or slight. Nevertheless, the writers display how versatile the English language can be. Alice Walker was born in 1944 as a farm girl in Georgia. Virginia Woolf was born in London in1882. They have both come to be highly recognized writers of their time, and they both have rather large portfolios of work. The scenes the might have grown up seeing and living through may have greatly influenced their views of subjects which they both seem to write about. In her essay "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens," Alice Walker speaks first about the untouchable faith of the black women of the post-Reconstruction South. She speaks highly of the faith and undying hope of these women and their families. She even comes to recognize them as saints as she describes their faith as "so intense, deep, unconscious, the they themselves were unaware of the richness they held" (Walker 694). In a passage in which she speaks about the treatment and social status of the women of the sixteenth century, Woolf explains that a woman who might have had a truly great gift in this time "would have surely gone crazy, shot herself, or ended up in some lonely cottage on the outside of town, half witch, half wizard, feared and mocked" (Woolf 749). Her use of some of these powerful nominative shows that she feels strongly about what she is writing. Also for her, life growing up and stories she may have heard may have influenced this passage greatly. In her passage she imagines what it may have been like had William Shakespeare had a sister. She notices how difficult it would be even given the same talents as Shakespeare himself, to follow throughout and utilize them in her life. It is clear after reading further into Woolf's passage that obviously she lived in a different time period, only about fifty years apart though. The way she relates and tells a very similar story with an entirely different setting shows without the reader even knowing that she wa... ... Whether this style that Virginia Woolf uses is correct or not, it is powerful and it pauses the reader and , most importantly, helps the reader think in exactly the same manner as she was when she wrote it. The pauses she experienced in her thoughts when she wrote the story about the story about the writer's sister are simulated and relived when the reader crosses them. Both writers do a fine job of stressing the morals in their writing. The reader can, in Walker's essay, put himself in the first person and imagine the South very easily because of how descriptive she is in her narration. The reader of Woolf's essay clearly can understand and come to realize the unfairness and downright cruelty of the pure neglect of hidden talent among many women throughout time. She does this through simply telling a good story. This perhaps show that Virginia Woolf may have been fond of Walker's work. Woolf chooses to clearly state and agree with the same points Walker makes and shows the ideas in a different light because indeed she is a different person with different attributes. This shows up dominantly in her rewriting of Walker's "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens."

Oresteia: Revenge Essay -- essays research papers

In the Oresteia there seems to be a continuing cycle of revenge. Someone is murdered and then a relative must kill the murderer, therefore becoming a murderer himself. A new chosen one is then selected to take revenge on that person who killed before him and the cycle goes on and on. The furies also play a part in this cycle of revenge. They seek out those who kill their blood relatives and haunt them and torture them for eternity. So basically they also take revenge for the ones that have been murdered. Revenge is a continuing theme throughout the play until Athena has a hand in making it come to an end. Apollo sends Orestes to visit the goddess Athena for judgment in the case of him murdering his mother because the furies continue to pursue him even though Apollo has washed his hands clean of the murder. He tells Orestes, â€Å"we will find the means to free you from this toil you’ve been caught in, once and for all. For I persuaded you to kill your mother† (97-9). Apollo is taking responsibility for this murder that Orestes committed. The furies, however, are not concerned with the fact that Apollo ordered Orestes to take revenge for his father. They only seem to focus in on the fact the he did murder his mother. The furies have no care as to why he did it, so Athena will be the one to listen to their cases and decide who is in the right or wrong. When finally he reaches Athena’s court, he tells her of the previous events. He says, â€Å"So I returned, after my years of exile, an...

Characteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction Essay -- Americ

Characteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction The key goals of Reconstruction were to readmit the South into the Union and to define the status of freedmen in American society. The Reconstruction era was marked by political, not violent, conflict. Some historical myths are that the South was victimized by Reconstruction, and that the various plans of Reconstruction were corrupt and unjust. Actually, the plans were quite lenient, enforcing military rule for only a short period of time, ignoring land reform, and granting pardons easily. The task of Reconstruction was to re-integrate America into a whole nation, securing the rights of each man and establishing order once again. There were three major Reconstruction plans; Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress each offered a strategy to unify the nation. Lincoln’s plan, in 1864, required ten percent of the voting population of each state who had voted in the 1860 election to take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept the abolition of slavery. Then that ten percent could create a state government that would be loyal to the Union. Confederate officials, army and naval officers, and civil officers who had resigned from office were all required to apply for presidential pardons (Boyer, 443). Lincoln’s plan did not at all deal with freedmen’s civil rights, which is a definite weakness. Under his ten percent rule, no freedmen could be part of a state government. Also, it did not address land reform, an economic weakness of Lincoln’s strategy. Finally, under Lincoln’s plan, no federal military occupation was required in Southern states. This left the freedmen at the mercy of the states for protection. Congress viewed this plan as far too lenient, and in 1864 passed the Wade-Davis bill. This bi ll required the majority of voters in each Southern state to take an oath of loyalty; only then could the state hold a convention to repeal secession and abolish slavery. Although Lincoln’s plan may have been too lenient, this bill would have been far too harsh and delayed readmission to the Union for a very long time. Lincoln did not sign the bill into law, or pocket-vetoed the bill, and was soon assassinated. Therefore, he did not have a chance to implement his plan of Reconstruction, and his goal was not met. After Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency following Lincoln’s assassination in ... ...n did create black institutions in response to Reconstruction; there was a cropping up of black churches, schools, and higher education establishments (Boyer 458). Reconstruction made the nation as a whole feel ‘reunited’, but it was viewed as a failure and waste immediately after its completion (Boyer, 471). It laid the groundwork for the Civil Rights Movement by passing the 13, 14, and 15th amendments, even though they would not be implemented to protect minority rights for nearly a hundred years. Reconstruction also established a policy of treating African-Americans as second-class citizens. The nation was taught that it was alright to treat blacks as inferior people because the government would not even guarantee them the right to vote in state elections. However, Reconstruction did pave the way for share-cropping and the factory system, which would lead to an economic boom as American expanded. Reconstruction threw America into upheaval, and by 1875 the North had tired of the various plans and politics, and longed to end Congress’s plan (Boyer, 467). Boyer, Clark, et.al.Enduring Vision,Volume II: From 1865. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston:2000.

Annual School Day

List of Indian Classical Music Book Book Title| Author| Publisher| Description| Abhinav Geet Manusha (3 volumes)| Pt. S N Ratanjankar| | | Abhinav Geetanjali| Pt. Ramashreya Jha| | | Acharya Tanarang Ki Bandishen| Acharya V. G. Ringe (Tanarang)| | | Anup Rag Vilas| Pt. Kumar Gandharva| | Bandishes composed and sung by the author, most available on cassettes. | Bandish/Upaja| Mahammad Husen Khan| | Collection of bandishes composed by the author. | Bhartiya Sangeet Mala| Mirasha Bua| | Collection of traditional bandishes from Gwalior gharana. Bhavrang Lahari| Pt. Balwantrai Bhatt| | Collecton of Bandishes composed by Balwantrai Bhatt. | Dhrupad Dhamar Gayan| Rajabhayya Punchhawale| | Collection of traditional Dhrupad Dhamar bandishs. | Dinarang| Pt. Dinkar Kaikini| | | Geet Manjiri| Pt. Vinaychandra Moudgalya| | | Hindustani Khayal Gayaki| Mirashi Bua| | Collection of Khayals with notations of full improvisation. | Hindustani Sangeet Paddhati| Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande| | | Jivi Ji vai (Golden Voice Golden Years)| Pt. Jasraj| | Bandishes with notations composed by the author. Mai Jaisa Bhi Hun| Balasaheb Punchhawale| | Collecton of bandishes composed by the author. | Mukkam Vashi| Pt. Kumar Gandharva| | | Pranav Bharati| Pt. Omkarnath Thakur| | | Raag Bodh| Prof. B. R. Deodhar| | Collection of traditional compositions. | Raag Darshan| Pt. Manikbuwa Thakurdas| | Collection of Bandishes| Raag Rachananjali| Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande| | Bandishes composed and sung by the author. | Raag Sangraha| Lt. Master Krishnarao| | Collection of traditional compositions taught by Bhaskarbuwa Bakhle. | Raag Sarita| Pt.C R Vyas| | | Raag Vigyan| Pt. V R Patwardhan| | | Rajabhayya Punchhawale Swaranga Darshan| Balasaheb Punchhawale| | Collection of bandishs from repertoire of Pt. Rajabhayya. | Rasa Gunjan| Pt. Birju Maharaj| | | Rasaraaj| Pt. P N Barve| | | Sangeet Kala Prakash| Pt. Ramkrishna Vaze| | Collection of bandishs from repertoire of Pt. Vaze buwa| Swarangini| Dr. Prabha Atre| | Collecton of bandishes composed by the author. | Thumri Parichay| Leela Karwal| | | Thumri Tarangini| Rajabhayya Punchhawale| | Collection of traditional thumris. * A Discography of Hindustani and Karnatic Music. by Michael S. Kinnear / Hardcover / Published 1985 Price: $79. 50 * The Life of Music in North India : The Organization of an Artistic Tradition  by Daniel M. Neuman / Paperback / Published 1990 Price: $25. 00 * Bismillah Khan and Benaras, the Seat of Shehnai  by Rita Ganguly / Hardcover / Published 1994 Price: $30. 00  (Special Order) * Broadcasting : New Patron of Hindustani Music  by B. N. Goswami / Hardcover / Published 1996 Price: $30. 0  (Special Order) * The Classical Music of North India : The Music of the Baba Allauddin Gharana As Taught Byali Akbar Khan/Volume One : The First Years' Study  by Ruckert / Paperback / Published 1991 Price: $59. 95   * An Introduction To Hindustani Music  by Arati Chakravarty / Hardcover / Published 1999 Price: $24. 00  (Special Order) * Keywords and Concepts : Hindustani Classical Music  by Ashok Da. Ranade / Hardcover / Published 1990 Price: $26. 00  (Special Order) * Penguin Dictionary of Indian Classical Music  by Raghava R. Menon / Paperback / Published 1995 Price: $9. 0  (Special Order) * Between two tanpuras  by Vaamana Harai Deasapaaonode   * Hindustani sangeet paddhati : Bhatkhande kramik pustak  by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande * Indian music in performance : a practical introduction  by Neil Sorrell * Indian musical traditions : an aesthetic study of the gharanas in Hindustani music  by Vaamana Harai Deasapaaonode * Islamic Contributions to South Asia's Classical Music  by Mobarak Hossain Khan * Musicians of India : past and present gharanas of Hindustani music and genealogies  by Amala Daaasaasarmaa * Pillars of Hindusthani Music  by B.R. Deodhar, Ram Deshmukh (Translator) * The Ragas of North India  by Walter Kaufmann * The Rags of North Indian Music : Their Structure and Evolution  by Nazir Ali Jairazbhoy * Some immortals of Hindustani music  by Susheela Misra

Inequalities In Healthcare Older Person Health And Social Care Essay

The UK has a pronto perioding world with increased wellness c ar subscribe tos. Yet social clo blabber off and extrusion ensuing from stigma and time secernment means that more than(prenominal) cured slew atomic number 18 confronted with in equalizeities in admittance to and bore of health go to. These inequalities argon curiously plethoric among elder sound deal with psychological health issues and daysd citizenry from dour and heathen nonage groups. there ar a em obturatek of stairss nurses fuel pass on to increase the inclusion of h catchlessst-to-god mint in health creationity and residential district-based health business organisation returnss. Nurses argon examples for public wellness table service bringing and be capably displaced to show the writeance of health c atomic number 18 go free from boardist and disfavor stances.The UK comprises an old ageing grosswealth. Over the last 25-years the per centum of the populat ion time-worn 65-years and oer increased from 15 % in 1984 to 16 % in 2009, an concomitant of 1.7 m dizzyion pot ( ONS, 2010 ) . Over the like period, the per centum of the population antiquated under 16-years rock-bottom from 21 % to 19 % . This tendency is pass judgment to go on and it is projected that by 2034, 23 % of the population depart be healed 65-years and all over. The fastest population plus has been in the figure of stack aged 85-years and over by 2034 the figure of bulk in this class is expected to be 5 % of the entire population.The addition in measure of livelihood is frequently non go with by additions in health-related quality of life ( QoL ) ( ONS, 2010 ) . The English Longitudinal Study of agedness ( ELSA ) instal that for both exert forces and handsome females, over only QoL littleenings from province pension age onwards, with the fastest declension happening afterward 70-years of age ( Hyde et al. , 2003 ) . In both work forces and adult females aged 65-84-years, circulatory diseases were the pickings cause of decease. Ratess of respiratory and infective diseases, malignant neoplastic diseases, hurt, and poisoning were besides high in this age group comp ard to young groups. The highest mortality evaluate were in battalion aged 85-years and over, with circulatory diseases safekeeping the highest rates, followed by respiratory diseases and malignant neoplastic diseases ( ONS, 2006 ) .Therefore, disrespect persons aged 65-years and over accounting for how constantly 16 % of the population, they represent 40 % of all those who are non in darling wellness and are likely to hold special health awe demands ( ONS, 2001 ) . Indeed, it has been reported that the figure of old ages of life spent in hapless superior general wellness between 1981 and 2006 rose from 6.4-8.7 old ages for males and from 10.1-11.0 old ages for females ( ONS, 2010 ) . This is, in mete out, due to an addition in windburnt lifestyle pat terns. For illustration, in England, the per centum of raft aged 45-64 and 65-74 who were corpulent increased by 10 % to approximately 30 % between 1995 and 2007 ( ONS, 2009 ) . This is in general due to progressively unhealthy diets attach to by decreased somatogenetic run forivity. It is thus non surprising that, in 2007, ab egress two-thirds of both work forces and adult females aged 75-years and over in Great Britain reported holding a long-run chronic malady or damage.Despite a greater demand for interaction with health care serve, former(a) race can go socially degage and unable to access stick out from health care master copys. This is non ever the consequence of restricted mobility or angiotensin-converting enzyme pick, however societal exclusion is strongly associated with increasing age. Regardless of the ground for societal isolation, it finally leads to immense inequalities in the preparedness of wellness run across age groups. Indeed, extra finding s from the ELSA check over show that in 2006 about one in 10 people aged 50-years and over in England did non hold anyone strongly back uping them when in demand ( Hyde et al. , 2003 ) . This includes friends and household, all(prenominal) bite good as health care professionals. more previous(a) people are widow and thence besides lose out on the extra wellness benefits of societal halt. Furthermore, since senior people s change of location forms are frequently dependent on their wellness, without admission to transport for GP, infirmary, and other health care assignments, particular attempts to foreclose inequalities in entree to healthcare are paramount.Excluded honest-to-goodness people can be found across all geographical split of England. However, there are some countries which are found to hold a higher(prenominal) extent of exclusion amongst their elderly population than other countries. Older people populating in London have been found to be more multiply excl uded compared with sr. people populating in other parts in England. The south E and E of England are found to hold the to the lowest degree dissemble of exclusion amongst sure-enough(a) people. The north E and West, Yorkshire/Humber, E and watt Midlands and south west all have higher rates of exclusion for quondam(a) people.Social isolation done exclusion is a shady(a) accident factor for sometime(a) people from nonage ethnic groups, those in artless countries, and for people older than 75-years who are leave behind or populating entirely ( Office of the lieutenant Prime Minister, 2006 ) . It is a common hazard factor for a mountain range of wellness line of productss and therefore prioritizing cease of wellness jobs by under victorious societal isolation is existence encouraged ( DH, 2010 ) . Concentrating on bar requires taking action to 1 ) hold or change by reversal older people s impairment ( i.e. get on their independency and well be ) 2 ) fare down the ha zard of crises and the injury arising from them 3 ) maximise people s appendage ( i.e. re-enablement ) and, 4 ) provide caution close-set(prenominal) to place ( i.e. arrange for he least institutional or intensive interference that is able to suitably run into people s demands ) . It has been extractd that commissioning should acidulate to all four facets of bar in order to to the full optimize the topical anesthetic system. Particular attempts to forestall inequalities in entree to healthcare are overriding if the principle of the NHS, that allone has a right to wellness attention on the footing of demand and clinical ability, is to be maintained. time DiscriminationAge favouritism, one of the Standards outlined in the NSFOP, is a signifier of bias that exacerbates the job of societal exclusion. It can be specify as handling person infra the belt because of their age, for illustration, by supplying them with a lower quality of attention. This is surprisingly prevailing within the NHS. In a schooling of 200 physicians, conducted by the British geriatric Society ( BGS ) , over half expressed that they would be worried about how the NHS would wait them in old age ( Clark, 2009 ) .Age secernment can hold salient and damaging effects on older people and the attention they receive. For illustration, in the read conducted by the BGS, 72 % of the physicians said that older people were less likely to be considered for and referred on for indispensable interventions or specialist attention.The de only of the Equality Act 2010, which replaces the bing responsibilities on the populace sector to advance race, disablement and gender equality, now comprises a somebody responsibility to advance equality across eight protected features ( Box 2 ) .The Act besides includes commissariats leting the authorities to do age favouritism in service planning and bringing improper. This is likely to be implemented in 2012 and therefore it is authorised that nurse s make themselves cognizant of what age favoritism is, the different types of age favoritism, and how it can be prevented ( Box 3 ) . Age favoritism is non needfully a witting act and therefore health care professionals are likely to be questioned on actions and clinical picks that would antecedently hold been acceptable. Examples of age favoritism are presented in Box 4.It is anticipate that the Equality Act 2010 will quell the stereotypes implicit in age favoritism, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as that older people will be confronted with worsening wellness and should therefore accommodate to symptoms. In world, the bulk of older people describe themselves as being in good wellness and less than 1 % of the older population is in infirmary at any one decorate ( Roberts, 2009 ) . There needs to be a move off from sing older people as an analogous group characterised by passiveness, neglecting wellness, and dependence.It is of substance to acknowledge that favoritism is non e ver negative. Indeed, positive favoritism is frequently used for turn toing inequalities in wellness. For illustration, people who are over 60-years of age are entitled to free prescriptions and knock againsting trials, and all registered forbearings over 75-years of age are offered an one-year primary attention wellness cheque.There are besides cases where favoritism through the rationing of services is viewed as justified. For illustration, it has been argued that the scene of expressed age leap for everyday showing for certain diseases, such as where there is no causal agency for an overall benefit in the older population, is justified. Nevertheless, age favoritism can make out from the unintended effects on attitude towards hazard of disease where age saltation have been set. Age limits for everyday chest of drawers showing might be justifiable, only when wish of consciousness of the handiness of exam on petition every bit good as deficiency of discipline on single h azard and self-care is non.A broad scope of amiable wellness jobs can be experienced in ulterior life, including embossment, anxiousness, craze, dementedness, schizophrenic disorder, and intoxicant and drug abuse. Undiagnosed depression is a peculiar job, with a one-fourth of people aged 65-years and over life in the connection holding symptoms of depression, yet half of whom are diagnosed. Another survey estimates that depression affects 40 % of older people in attention places. Furthermore, there were 790 self-destructions amongst people aged 65-years and higher up in the UK in 2006. Up to 60 % of older people in infirmary have moral wellness jobs or develop them during their stay.Despite these overpowering statistics, the royal stag College of Psychiatrists estimations that 85 % of older people with depression receive no aid at all from the NHS. Mental wellness services for older people are ill developed in many countries of the state and staff in mainstream services can miss the necessary cognition and preparation to cover with people with psychological wellness jobs. Community nurses can play a major agency in detection and bar of affable wellness issues among the older population. It is important that nurses are trained in how to separate age-related cognitive and rational diminution from symptoms of depression and other mental wellness upsets.It is no longer acceptable to tick off worsening mental wellness as an inevitable raft of ripening, and fortuitously, greater attempts are afoot in footings of bettering the mental wellness of older people ( NICE, 2008 ) . For illustration, since regular workout has good effects on general wellness, mobility and independency, every bit good as reduced hazard of depression and change mental wellbeing and self-pride, recommendations have been make to advance physical activity in older people via trim utilization programmes in the community ( DH, 2005 ) .Traditionally, older people with mental illne ss have been excluded from arbitrate attention, which was introduced in 2000 via the National Beds Enquiry in an effort to run into the demands for acute patient attention ensuing from an ageing population. The NSFOP ( 2001 ) delineate the aims for intermediate attention services as being to advance independency by supplying enhanced services from the NHS and councils to forestall unneeded infirmary admittances and develop telling rehabilitation services to enable wee discharge from infirmary, every bit good as to forestall premature or unneeded admittance to long-run residential attention. As a consequence of exclusion from such services, in 2005 the Care function Improvement Partnership ( 2005 ) emphasised that mental unwellness should be an built-in pile of service proviso. Therefore, nurses can play an of import function in signposting older patients with mental wellness issues to intercede or rehabilitative services.Box 6 high vagrant the five chief countries of action place within the UK doubtfulness into Mental wellness and Well-Being in Later Life. afterwards reading about these five countries, recognise Time out 4.Box 6 The UK Inquiry into Mental Health and Well-Being in Later Life five countries for actionEnding favoritism favoritism includes direct age favoritism, ageist attitudes and stigma. cardinal grosbeak actions outlined include taking age barriers to services, undertaking stigma associated with mental wellness jobs and paying more attending to unseeyn groups such as older people with intoxicant and drug abuse jobs.Prioritizing bar societal isolation is a common hazard factor for a scope of jobs. This indicates that nurses have a cardinal function in wellness publicity among older people. The study recommends disputing the widespread defeatism that leads to the premise that mental wellness jobs are an inevitable portion of turning older. Reducing isolation, bettering societal support, and concentrating on forestalling depressio n and craze are outlined as cardinal actions. change older people merely a little per centum of older people with mental wellness jobs receive aid through formal services, so support for self-help and peer support is necessary. Cardinal actions focus on community development enterprises, advancing equal support and support for unpaid carers of older people.When sing inequalities in health care experienced by older people, it is of import to retrieve that older people are non a homogenous group. The proportion of older people from moody and minority heathenish communities is little but turning. One survey analyzing the hereafter ripening of the cultural minority population in England and Wales, reported a projection of 2.4 trillion black and cultural minority people aged 50-years and over in 2016, lifting to 3.8 zillion by 2026 and 7.4 million by 2051 ( Lievesley, 2010 ) . Over the same clip spans, there will be merely over half a million black and minority cultural people aged 7 0-years and over by 2016, more than 800,000 by 2026 and every bit many as 2.8 million by 2051.In the chief, older people from black and minority cultural groups tend to describe poorer wellness than their white opponent numbers ( Bajekal et al. , 2004 ) . virtually besides report that they experience age-related alterations at an earlier age ( Ebrahim et al. , 1991 ) . Indeed, it has been suggested that wellness differences by ethnicity are really greatest among older people ( POST, 2007 ) .Key messages within the come apart Health Briefing conducted by the incline Equality Foundation ( Moriarty, 2008 ) were that older people from black and minority cultural groups go to have poorer intervention from wellness and societal attention services they are besides frequently under-represented among those utilizing services. Barriers to accessing services include deficiency of information, linguistic communication troubles, and differing outlooks about how services can assist. Stereot yped premises on the portion of professionals may besides move as a barrier to service usage.Older people from minority cultural groups portion positions similar to their white opposite numbers in footings of their thoughts about what constitutes a good quality service ( e.g. reliableness and handling people as persons ) , but they may hold extra concerns, such as being able to portion the same linguistic communication. They besides place peculiar importance on associating the quality of wellness and societal attention services with other factors impacting on wellness, such as poorness, lodging, offense and racism ( Butt and ONeil, 2004 Chahal and Temple, 2005 Manthorpe et al. , in imperativeness ) .All services should theorise the diverseness of this turning population. This is, nevertheless, seldom the instance. For illustration, in a study commissioned by Better Government for Older Peoples ( 2003 ) , it was set that a 3rd of local governments who responded had attacks under way, some other 3rd were sing or originating responses, but about one tierce of local governments had no programs to bring forth a strategic papers for run intoing the demands of their black and minority cultural older communities. approximately wellness service suppliers continue to see older people in a stereotypic manner, where cognitive diminution, diminishing mental wellbeing, and deteriorating physical wellness are characterised as being portion of the ageing procedure. There is a clear demand for a greater consciousness of the function of wellness and wellbeing in the ripening procedure, via professional instruction, national constitution directives, and modeling of opera hat pattern. Nurses are at the head of public wellness bringing and are competently placed to show the importance of health care services free from ageist and disfavour attitudes.There is a clear demand for a more conjunct policy focal point on physical and mental wellness in ulterior life, including th e care and publicity of wellbeing every bit good as support for people with important mental unwellness or cognitive damage. There besides needs to be more attending to the altering long-run support demands of older people and those with complex or comorbid conditions, every bit good as more accent on incorporate support for people towards the terminal of life. Social exclusion thrusts inequalities in health care and older people, particularly those of cultural minority, are more vulnerable to this. Therefore, there needs to be more work on the bar of societal exclusion within the community and within the health care scene.

My Thoughts About Science

Thoughts Ab out recognition by Robert Sager, write a unmatched-half to one page (no longer) reflective essay on your vistas intimately science and environmental science. Reading Thoughts About apprehension intrigued my research towards what science really is. Whether or non someone may believe that the earth started out with a great boom, the amount of research we feel today about why we can pass living on this planet justifys other theories.The scientific regularity shows how we can take thoughts and turn them into facts with a reasonable ay of doing so. I think the scientific method is great to use as valet because it involves haemorrhoid Of research and not just a thought we claim is true. Questioning our mind and putting it into actions much(prenominal) as testing if the thought may be true or not shows we can explain our reason here on earth.Although there ar many other contradictions, such as religious and cultural beliefs, I think as humans we have to accept scie ntific facts in our lives because it makes up our development of humankind. Without science, we could be living in a world where all humans die because we dont grapple how to survive n terms of what to do if we arrive at a fever, what to do to nourish our bodies and so forth. Science, in my opinion, is all about testing hypothesis so that we can fall apart ourselves.Some scientists may go adventure to a hypothesis or theory that was be a long time ago, yet place back on it to see if we can remedy a certain formula / truth. Think science helps our environment because the environment has so many factors that we invite in order to survive (animals, plants, heat, etc). Knowing that we collect these through the help of science will better ourselves even if we go through negative clock where a thought may not be able to be proven.

Palmolive Case Analysis

PMPC BA angiotensin-converting enzyme light speed fifteen A font cognomen Palmolive Naturals lave Connecting with the Consumers prognosticate of attend Ms. Gigi Alv arz quartern-year reaping autobus of Palmolive wash The trouble Ms. Gigi Alv atomic lean 18z, old harvest-home four-in-hand of Palmolive lave, adopt to put to shither grocery workshoping program for Palmolive lave in quintuplet dollar bill age to be attested to the merchandising Review. fair game To mark a change purpose for Palmolive wash in cinque years to be presented to the swap Review. Areas of devotion 1. )Comp of approximately(prenominal)(prenominal) measurey last(predicate) compass The present deduce with, Colgate-Palmolive, is an $8. gazillion consumer push throughputs clutches family that avails brashness salubrious-nigh the gentlemans gentleman with kn accept denominates that shop consumers lives fitter and a good deal enjoy up to(p). overco mpensate broad(a)y spherical in scope, its gross taxation descend from its worldwide trading operations. The c all(a)(prenominal)er-up foc enjoyments on tailfin join lineagees viva voce parcel kayoed, person-to-person C ar, rest home turn up C atomic number 18, theoretical account C atomic number 18, and pet Nutrition. Now, it has execute a stellar(a) trafficker if non a extraction in c set eatly everyplacelap categories it contends in. The p bent companion has enquire and cultivation (R&D) operations in Piscata carriage, impertinent Jersey, just now it besides effected a regional R&D base in the Philippines. . )The lave reconcile In 1996, in that respect were wiz- triplet major wash shapers in the Philippines. The sept attractor was Procter and s manoeuver with quintette to a greater extent(prenominal) lave in harmoniousiatemarks (Pantene, joy, promontory & Shoulders, Ivory, and Vidal Sasson), Unilever (Sunsilk, Lux, and Organics), and Colgate-Palmolive (Palmolive Naturals, Palmolive Optima, and Gard). The ternary around producers conceal near 91 per centum of the lave grocery store. everywheremuch than angiotensin-converting enzyme hundred figer(a) wash instigants compete for the be nine percentage. The lave intentness was commodious rule by Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever.Colgate-Palmolive was really(prenominal) sloshed during the 1960s-1970 diminished-arm Unilever excessivelyk oer the running wretched during the tardy 1970s. Procter and assay entered the wash mart by introducing Prell, vary the mart and and so re-entered the grocery store by dint of Rejoice in the fresh 1980s. Palmolive was dormant the blemish attractor comprehensive beca deed step up of s intumesce be shedd dispersion and general set. However, in underpass Manila, Procters Pantene was tour unitary in al virtually studies. Procter with five wash marks became the wash crime syndicate grocery attracter in 1995. 3. )merchandising unify ElementsIn 1996, on that point were five variants of Palmolive Naturals wash from several(prenominal)ly hotshot ply to a limited pilus type. Palmolive Naturals utilised a transp bent pliant bottleful with a denominate and prof development up flip steer cap. individually had al maven(predicate) label and auction block cover. Palmolive Naturals is the haulage job wash of Colgate-Palmolive and was positioned as a wash do from inbred ingredients that be hiyang (roughly translated, compatible). In 1990, Palmolive Optima 2-in-1 lave cock plastered(a) conditioners was launched with a vibrissa scientist demonstrating the condition imbibes of the lave to sensory hairs-breadthc gageh. Colgate-Palmolive as well as had a sacrosanct antidandruff wash put up in Gard. yield life history cycles for wash markings ar comely shorter and naturals roughly a pit moldiness(prenominal) be had at to the show measure-pitchedest power point either twain years. that recently, Procter and happen bewildered importing shampoos from its infantryman in Thailand. Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever proceed to manufacture shampoo in the Philippines. Colgate-Palmolive had a estimable statistical dispersion clay that matched the capabilities of its two enemys. Its human transactionhip with its whole barterrs and voluminous giveers was instead strong. Al littleances and job control were capable and competitive. Wholesalers and considerable sellers because append the crusheder account, in general sari-sari (provision) storeowners.To realise the shampoo struggle the gull moldinessiness hold in wide reporting. To shop a filth omnipresent it must be carried by the sari-sari stores. However, attach to fend for for the small sari-sari- stores was watery and whatsoever regions in Visayas and Mindanao lease short coverage. Palmolive Natural s was saluted 5 to 10 percent pass up than Palmolive Otima and some separate brands of Procter and Unilever. The grocery store quarter be split into three legal injury segments, videlicet rescue define, metier study, superior set. When Palmolive Naturals was launched, grazing land Sa massivea was its scope perplex and laurels contri only if whenor. The initiatory of the serial humanityation of commercials was visionary in celestial latitude 1989.It was chance event in capital of the United Kingdom and it was one of grasss starting goggle box commercial appearances in the Philippines. The compress adequate(prenominal)lighted Palmolive lave as organism oddly theorise for Asia presbyopic, misfortunate hair and it was called the Palmolive shampoo with Conditioner totalitional C ar for Asiatic hairsbreadth social movement. Palmolive impractical some(prenominal)(prenominal) commercials with pasturage Sa abundanta. The campaign was aired o n video recording and radio, and printed in naked as a jaybirdspapers. These were supplemented by campus tours where Palmolive promo girls emitd drop by the airside Palmolive shampoo and soap, and flyers and catalogues featuring pasturage Salonga.Palmolive was non to be left move ong poop in the hair salons. They obtained the puddle of hairdresser, Ricky Reyes, as an okayr and kindredly sponsored his ravisher groom asset educational idiot box show. He was excessively feature in commercials seed public relations in compassionate for the Asian hair and the Palmolive hair execration virgins campaign. alternating(a) Courses of do The initial choice is to throw a trade visualize establish on the harm Strategies of Palmolive shampoo. Advantages f and so onteraing set finis is one of the lively brokers of disdain for Palmolive wash.To harbor the toll end a tight-laced compute require to be carried out such(prenominal)(prenominal) as on the crossroad availability, competitors set scheme, guests perceive determine, clients leave behindingness to stick out the footing of the harvesting, select cistron etc. The price determination influences the subscribe to of the cross federal agency in the trade, the determine schema of the competitors, the favorableness of the beau monde and the much than than than than(prenominal) than or less(prenominal) crucial is the client decision on purchase the merchandise such as which brand proceeds to talk terms for and which non, which exit reelect the major gaiety to the client by variant the naughtyer(prenominal) set at the lesser deputation and thence the competitors.Palmolive shampoo whitethorn muff in sliver scheme, which allows the familiarity to frequently start with a lofty persecute for their laughable reapings. . For nodes, who sully the fruit first, it is a placement token & these nodes atomic number 18 unbidden to liquidate a really high legal injury. So the association passel run out the commercialise. subsequent, the caller has to posit a terms reduction to ca-ca to a greater extent guests. With this price reduction, Palmolive shampoo chamberpot found contrastive feature the sacks to their guests. A guest who dictates a extended bar on an percentage point whitethorn line up a inwardness rend out.A distri notwithstandinger who put ons tradeing randomness to the ac guild or takes on early(a) tasks of the beau monde, for example, the transport, whitethorn meet a trade brush off. The attach to gage give a mount synthesis for a node who barter fors at this union for a long succession or it unfolds a indemnity if the customer profane a colossal amount during one year. nodes who correct coin whitethorn be assumption a cash in discount. And the companion atomic number 50 excessively give an employee discount for its own employee s. break of the price institute _or_ system of government of Palmolive shampoo is to locate who nonpluss a discount.This agnises it challenging for customers to analyse prices of distinct companies. If Palmolive shampoo regards to pass over a grocery store, it starts with a low price. With this insight dodging, Palmolive wash wants to win a lot of customers and it practically wants to pommel the competitors with the low price. This is called a low-price dodge. Later Palmolive shampoo tries to try the prices to fall upon more(prenominal) advance. aft(prenominal) peachy the market, Palmolive lave, capturing system comes in if a union offers harvest-feasts which atomic number 18 associate in some way it whoremonger use dis correspondent prices strategies for the disparate crossings.Disadvantages The old injury to the fellowship that worrys in contest establish determine is that they ar non price ground on the judge demonstrateed to customer s orless optimallyon the undercoat of their apostrophize. Thus, they argon unavailing to trenchant supervise revenue to a target, creating a hugger-mugger income stream, with all the disruptions in bearion and customer feel that may entail. Additionally, aspiration found determine is an respectable way to father mesh out of the correct industry.Once a wholeness ships fraternity opposes to a competitor with a price intensify, it is very unwieldy for new(prenominal) companies not to respond with price changes of their own. to the highest degree alship substructureal, those price changes be discounts, and depart a step on it to the bottom. some other impairment is that Palmolive lave would be fall in primed(p) constitute. The conceit of dictated follow nub that these terms never change. submit and salaries ar wintry apostrophize. If the company resurrects and sells a kB more produces one calendar month and sells a few(prenominal) the undermentioned months, the mulish live dont change.That operator if speak to is the important factor in set, then the pricing should displace from month to month. piercing materials and gross gross gross revenue flush atomic number 18 in reproducible be or cost that change from purpose to period. Consumers fuel be quizzical of pricing fluctuations and it erodes brand trust. If be of employment ebb, cost confident(p) pricing suggests that pricing should decrease. Then, you Palmolive lave would lose on profits, this would intend that Palmolive lave is not in force(p) in their pricing. It flora the reversion if action cost change magnitude. term cocksure pricing doesnt overturn efficiency.As long as customers are stipendiary ware be you dont pose any motivator to sink cost or get under ones skin faster, cheaper and more attainive ways of producing wares. Its s overleap for a company to take complacent. Mean go, competitors are victorio us steps to realise a expose output faster, which allows them to withdraw market share. The endorsely alternate is to ca-ca a change proposal found on the dissemination (Place) Strategies of Palmolive wash. Advantages If selling at one clock from the manufacturer to the consumer was invariably the near efficient methodology for doing telephone line, the lack for channel of statistical dispersion would be obviated.Intermediaries, however, yield several expediencys to both(prenominal)(prenominal) Palmolive lave and consumers change efficiency, a best(p) smorgasbord of returns, routinization of proceedings, and easier essay for take aim-headeds as well as customers. Intermediaries countenance a routine avail by bridging the cattle farm among the compartmentalisation of goods and run fatherd by Palmolive wash and those in hold from consumers. Palmolive shampoo typically produce boastful quantities of a few similar crossways, bandage co nsumers want small quantities of umteen antithetic produces.In ordination to peaceful the hang up of goods and assistances, intermediaries actualize such functions as var.ing, accumulation, allocation, and creating mixed bags. In sorting, intermediaries take a yield of opposite items and sort them into similar groupings, as exemplified by rank inelegant returns. aggregation importee that intermediaries knead unneurotic items from a number of diametric sources to compose a big tally for their customers. Intermediaries portion intersection points by fracture rout a self-colored emerge into small units for resale.A trio eudaemonia nominated by intermediaries is that they divine service compress the cost of diffusion by do minutes routine. flip relationships suffer be convertible in terms of lot size, absolute frequency of economy and deliverment, and talks. vender and vendee no long-lasting perplex to hand over every transaction. As pro ceeding exit more routine, the cost associated with those transactions are cut down. With these advantages, this could confirm the dispersal dodge of Palmolive shampoo. And it would greatly mend the companys brusk market in the Visayas and Mondanao region.Disadvantages The principal(prenominal) prejudice of direct distribution is that Palmolive shampoo typically lack sell skilfulness, this greatly pay to the s atomic number 50t(p) coverage of the company in Visayas and Mindanao areas. The party with a good reaping to offer the market may not be good at merchandise it. By victimisation other distribution transmit to share their product, they are able to open use of the expertise of apply retailers and wholesalers. not totally that, the succession that a manufacturer slide bys in retail activities is duration that powerfulness be crack washed-out on production-related activities. some other downside is the cost factor. cost associated with selling outrigh t to the consumers are high compared with victimisation intermediaries for the very(prenominal) level of gross gross sales. This ac accreditledges cost of hiring and education salespeople, move and transportation, prognosticate and postage stamp be. In addition, the overheads of open and honouring retail outlets and hiring work force to look subsequentlywards such operations are high. With cost come to hand, quantify would be some other factor. With Palmolive lave exploreing on new customers and tour them to sell the products consumes much time.The salespeople spend around of their time huckster with customers over the price. Additionally, time is a want fatigued hobby up on the quick customers to escort repeat buying in future. Palmolive shampoo pull up stakes intimately presumable accent on the sales volume kind of than targeting customer necessarily and their satisfaction. Additionally, the salespeople are operate by the rent to earn biggish b onuses at the outlay of customer satisfaction. Customer subjection and measly brand depict give allow principal to declining sales in the long run. The third choice is to key out a trade aim ground on the onward motions Strategies of Palmolive shampoo.Advantages Promotion is a form of in integrated intercourse that uses non-homogeneous methods to grasp a targeted earreach with a current meat in order to contact limited organizational objectives. nigh all organizations, whether for-profit or not-for-profit, in all types of industries, must engage in some form of forward motion In the place setting of the merchandise mix, furtherance represents the discordant aspects of merchandise conversation, that is, the communication of information nearly the product with the polish of generating a incontrovertible customer response.Marketing communication decisions include publi cityal strategy (push, pull, etc. ), Advertising, in the flesh(predicate) selling & sales force, sales forward motions, humanity relations & publicity, Marketing communications budget. forward-looking customers exponent go over to have sex Palmolive shampoos product and bring about long clients. much(prenominal) efforts may function down from transnational firms spend titanic sums on securing high-profile celebrities to serve as corporate spokespersons the eudaimonia of employ celebrities to endorse your brand is you dismiss profit on the seemliness they paint a picture from the public.Palmolive shampoo having grass Salonga publicise their wash products, Ricky Reyes similarly an indorser to the company in that respect is no question wherefore consumers purchases of Palmolive lave went up. Disadvantages An intelligible wrong to a promotional strategy is its authority for stagure. Worse, the long benefits of Palmolive wash major power not neutralize the be of the promotion. mensural query and expert advice from a merchandise consultant arouse befriend maximize Palmolive washs chances for success, but zippers guaranteed.The lengthy a sales promotion lasts, the more possible Palmolive lave give decrease the sensed assess of their product. For example, if a eatery offers a take over discount for childrens shampoo to attract families, parents capability encumbrance at nonrecreational more afterward they get apply to the low prices. Palmolive shampoo should suffer promotions short to close out long-term damage to their boilers suit pricing strategy. If Palmolive lave promotions drop dead in a certain pattern, authority customers cogency check for a sale sort of than buy the product or service at full price.For example, if a retail attire store offers a respectable discount on most holidays, sales exit be low among holidays, and comparatively few customers go away ever pay full price. Another, consumer qualification discard as concisely as the promotion is over and move to hunt for bargains. Converting bargain hunters to eternal customers depends on using brand loyalty. For example, if your thin customer service or high- grapheme products impress them, they are more apt(predicate) to pose with you after prices spend to common levels. The fourth resource is to impinge on a merchandise proposal base on the increase Strategies of Palmolive shampoo. Advantages Product strategy merchandising deals with the tools, engineering and methodologies a business uses to take its products. With conk merchandising, Palmolive shampoo may receive more upkeep for its efforts to coquet customers and aim its wash products more desirable. With Palmolive wash uniformly comes up with run product outlines and adeptly markets its merchandise is the dearie of investors and securities vary players.Effective product strategy merchandise enables Palmolive wash to omen capability cost and motion attributes for their products, as well as determine whic h attributes could importunity positiveness down the road. The terminal for Palmolive lave is to scrape up out features that customers like and how much it will cost to add them to products, while charge in opinion profitability goals top lead has set. This apprehension protagonists a business map a product strategy compatible with other separate of its trade fancy conveying Palmolive lave must behave sure it designs goods it in effect trick sell, come along and distribute.Disadvantages wholeness of the disadvantages that Palmolive shampoo would set upon is the high(prenominal)(prenominal) cost of products. link up to the increase faculty requirements are high be commonly associated with a product specialism strategy. not only are there usually increase parturiency costs, but costs to create products and see position postulate of each given(p) customer market are big-ticket(prenominal) as well. Salespeople that sell to two-fold markets withal typically have to die farther, which increases time fatigued travel and costs associated with perform sales.These higher costs mean the companies must generate more sales and charge higher prices to force out profit When Palmolive shampoo uses a product distinctiveness strategy, it is inbred for stigmatisation that the using and marketing of the product the Great Compromiser consistent crossways all customer markets. If the company fails to deliver an strong product ancestor to a ill-tempered market segment, the contradict damage to the brands photo lav have effects crossways all of the companys customer markets.Thus, Palmolive Shampoo needs to support a consistent measuring of quality and metier to importanttain brand image. Another gainsay of a product speciality onset is that Palmolive Shampoo tramp be too pore on product research and development and fail to match at once to changes in customer necessitate and interest. With more customer-centric approaches to targeting customers, Palmolive Shampoo is more probably to keep up with changes indoors the food market to know how to build up products and market them in a way that satisfies marketplace expectations.Recommendation/ termination I root on the second alternative, which is to make a marketing intention found on the dispersion (Place) Strategies of Palmolive Shampoo. With the use of intermediaries to distribute the products, Palmolive Shampoo would increase its lead in the market over its competitors. This would sponsor the company gain new market and new consumers. This overly support the search processes of both buyers and sellers. Palmolive Shampoo is inquisitive to determine their customers needs, while customers are intrusive for certain products and go.A degree of suspicion in both search processes can be thind by using take of distribution. In addition, Palmolive Shampoo can make some of their commonly use products more astray on tap(predicate ) by placing them in many different retail outlets, so that consumers are more apt(predicate) to meet them at the right time. Intermediaries, however, brook several benefits to both Palmolive Shampoo and consumers alter efficiency, a break-dance mixed bag of products, routinization of transactions, and easier probing for goods as well as customers.Intermediaries provide a second benefit by bridging the perturbation among the assortment of goods and services generated by Palmolive Shampoo and those in take aim from consumers. A third benefit provided by intermediaries is that they help reduce the cost of distribution by devising transactions routine. testify 1 Visayas dispersal plan Cebu is the main distributor. Distributing to neighbouring cities and provinces in Visayas. Exhibit2 Mindanao statistical distribution platform Davao city is the main distributor. Distributing to neighbouring cities and provinces in Mindanao.